Granola opcional, Agallas necesarias
Habla con cualquier montañista, mountain biker o trail runner, y te dirán que el trekking es el primo débil de estos deportes outdoor de aventuras. Un poco lento, con demasiada granola y sin mucha adrenalina.
Pero algunas de las aventuras más peligrosas del mundo implican solo poner un pie en frente del otro. Exposición, animales salvajes, guerrilleros y calor; Son algunas de las variables que pueden transformar un paseo por las montañas en un coqueteo con la muerte. Y mientras muchas personas completa estas rutas sin ningún rasguño, son lo suficientemente peligrosas como para que un pequeño error te deje seriamente herido o incluso muerto.
The Maze, Utah
La sección más remota del Canyonlands National Parks, recibe unos 2.000 visitantes al año, y no por que no valga la pena visitarlo. El laberinto de roca roja conocido como "the Maze" es difícil de alcanzar, es casi imposible de desplazarse por el y está lleno de barrancos sin salida. Siempre está presente el riesgo de desprendimiento de rocas (piensen en James Franco en 127 horas) o inundaciones mortales.
El gran peligro del lugar, que los guardabosques enfatizan a cualquier visitante, insistiendo en itinerarios detallados y buena comunicacion, ha mantentenido las fatalidades de la zona en cero, aunque había un doble suicidio en el verano de 2013. Las muertes y accidentes en el resto de Canyonlands, sin embarg, son una ocurrencia regular y muestran cuán mortal seria el laberinto si alguien pudiese llegar allí.
Monte Hua Shan, China
Los peregrinos han subido a los templos en las cinco torres del Monte Hua Shan durante siglos. Casi todas las subidas son traicioneras, con escaleras casi verticales y pocos asideros. Sin embargo, el camino de tablones hacia la montaña del sur es una historia diferente. Llamado el sendero más peligroso en el mundo, consiste en plataformas de madera atornilladas a la ladera de la montaña.
Los excursionistas deben ir enganchados a una cadena de hierro paralela a las placas, que se mueven a miles de metros por encima del suelo. Incluso llegar a ese camino es difícil e incluye una subida por una escalera de barras vertical. En un momento, los tablones desaparecen por completo y los excursionistas deben utilizar pequeños terrones tallados en la roca. No existen estadísticas oficiales de mortalidad, pero el rumor es que 100 personas mueren al año en Hua Shan. Multiplique eso por siglos y puede ser el pico más mortal en el mundo.
Mist Trail, California
The 14.5-mile Mist Trail is one of the most popular routes up Yosemite National Park's Half Dome. Though up to 3,000 hikers escape the trail unscathed every day in the summer, there are a few tricky spots that could leave you seriously injured if you're unprepared. According to aYosemite hiking website, more than 60 people have died on Half Dome and the trail leading up to it.
Steel cables assist climbers on the last 400 feet of the ascent, but this final assault still poses a challenge. You need to be in excellent shape to make it up, and rainfall makes the cables extremely slippery. If there's any threat of lightning, the cables' exposed position becomes extremely dangerous. Five people have died on Half Dome in the past nine years alone, and most of those accidents happened when the rock was wet.
Via Ferrata, Italy and Austria
Europeans in the 15th century once scaled the Via Ferrata (Italian for “iron way”) with ladders, and the route was later used during World War I by specialized troops. Today, routes through the Dolomites are much more accessible thanks to new steel cables, ropes, wooden walkways, and suspension bridges. See the problem?
The routes and cables are well maintained, but your safety hinges on snapping a specialized carabiner setup (called a via ferrata set) to the anchors on the cable supports.
Then, you'll scale sheer faces and edge around tall ledges. Deaths have happened on routes of all difficulty levels under a variety of circumstances. In 2009, one British woman plunged to her death on an intermediate hike after slipping on snow and falling 600 feet. Another death in Austria happened because of a gear failure.
Maroon Bells South Ridge, Colorado
The Maroon Bells boast some of the most scenic hiking in the country, and many people complete the route safely every year—but it’s not to be taken for granted. The 12-mile round-trip hike to the summit of the South Ridge is fraught with loose rock fields, steep paths, gullies, and plenty of places to get lost. Oh yeah, and there’s the mercurial weather.
The trail is relatively easy until you get above 11,000 feet on its east slope. From there, the climb gets rougher the higher you get. The Maroon Bells got their deadly reputation after eight people died in five separate incidents, earning them the nickname “The Deadly Bells.” A U.S. Forest Service sign on the trail sums it up: “The beautiful Maroon Bells … have claimed many lives in the past few years. They are not extreme technical climbs, but they are unbelievably deceptive. The rock is down sloping, rotten, loose, and unstable. It kills without warning. The snowfields are treacherous, poorly consolidated, and no place for a novice climber. … Expert climbers who did not know the proper routes have died on these peaks.”
Rover's Run Trail, Alaska
Rover's Run, a leisurely trail in Anchorage's Far North Bicentennial Park, doesn't have any steep drop-offs, technical climbs, or extreme weather. Instead, it's a favorite spot for brown bears, which flock to the area in the summer when the nearby river is bursting with salmon. There have been so many bear encounters—including maulings—that city and park officials plan to divert the trail away from the creek this year.
Various signs warn of bear activity, and park authorities close the trail at times when the bruins are out en masse. And they're not the only dangerous animals afoot. Moose, known to charge intruders, are also frequently spotted in the area.
Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
People come from all over the world to hike up to Mount Pinatubo’s crater lake. But after 400 years of dormancy, this volcano suddenly erupted in 1991, killing 800 people. It erupted again in 1992, that time claiming 72 victims.
The Pinatubo eruption was the second largest of the century, ejecting at least 15 million tons of sulfur dioxide gas, which lowered temperatures on a global scale, temporarily accelerated depletion of the ozone layer, and brought lahars (showers of volcanic debris) raining down.
If you ignore the volcano’s tendency to blow up suddenly, the hike itself is relatively easy and takes anywhere from 50 minutes to two hours. If you take a dip in the crater lake, beware of floating into the middle, where there are strong currents.
El Caminito del Rey, Spain
In the El Chorro Gorge in Spain’s Malaga province, the Caminito del Rey (Little King’s Path) hangs 100 feet up on sheer cliffs. The two-mile concrete and steel path was built more than 100 years ago to serve workers on a local hydroelectric plant, but over time it has become a destination for adventure seekers, especially as sections of the pathway have crumbled. Officially closed to the public, hikers still play Fear Factor on the route, which requires spidering over 10-foot sections of missing trail. Even if the state finishes a reconstruction of the path, the Caminito will still stay on the list of top vertigo-inducing trails.
Kalalau, Hawaii
The Kalalau Trail along the Na Pali Coast is Hawaii at its best—isolated jungle, steep volcanic slopes, and a pristine undeveloped beach at the end. But the 22-mile round-trip hike through paradise can turn sour quickly. The path’s three major stream crossings can swell rapidly during a rain, and falling rock, especially around waterfalls, is always a concern. Crawler’s Ledge, three-quarters of the way through the trek, can turn into a dicey walk along its sheer ledge during the rain.
The trail has taken several lives and caused countless accidents, but the narrow path isn’t the biggest danger. More than 100 people have met their end while swimming on the trail’s remote beaches, and the transient community living on the shore can be rough. Two years ago, a drug addict threw a Japanese hiker off a cliff, setting off a four-month manhunt.
Huayna Picchu, Peru
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu can be a tough trek, and it takes a few casualties each year. But the real danger begins when you follow the trail past the mythical city and up Huayna Picchu, aka the “Hike of Death.” The old Inca staircase is carved out of granite and climbs about 1,000 feet in less than a mile. Plus, the route is full of rotting, crumbling rock, slippery stones, and exposed corners. Many people tackle the route totally unprepared—we’re talking flip-flops and no water.
Clouds and mist make the journey more difficult, and in some sections hikers must cling to old steel cables. Going up is the easy part. Coming down the steep slope often paralyzes travelers with fear. But it’s worth the pain—the view from Huayna Picchu on a sunny day is the best bird’s-eye view of Machu Picchu below.